Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction - review 2019 Kennelly et al

Kennelly, M., Thiruchelvam, N., Averbeck, M. A., Konstatinidis, C., Chartier-Kastler, E., Trøjgaard, P., Vaabengaard, R., Krassioukov, A., & Jakobsen, B. P. (2019). Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and Intermittent Catheterisation in a Community Setting: Risk Factors Model for Urinary Tract Infections. Advances in urology, 2019, 2757862. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2757862

A risk factor model for urinary tract infections in patients with adult neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction performing clean
intermittent catheterisation was developed; it consists of four domains, namely, (1) general (systemic) conditions in the patient,
(2) individual urinary tract conditions in the patient, (3) routine aspects related to the patient, and (4) factors related to intermittent
catheters per se. 'e conceptual model primarily concerns patients with spinal cord injury, spina bifida, multiple
sclerosis, or cauda equina where intermittent catheterisation is a normal part of the bladder management. On basis of several
literature searches and author consensus in case of lacking evidence, the model intends to provide an overview of the risk factors
involved in urinary tract infections, with specific emphasis to describe those that in daily practice can be handled and modified by
the clinician and so come to the benefit of the individual catheter user in terms of fewer urinary tract infections.