Authored by Sandeep Singh (MBBS), Thomas Alway (MRCP), Jonathan Hyde (MD, FRCS) & Amit Modi (FRCS), Sussex Cardiac Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK - Romesh Tirimanna (MBBS), Ahmed Hussain (MBBS), Sussex Cardiac Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK - Kirandeep Kaur Singh (BSc), KKSART By Kirandeep, London, UK